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雲棲袾宏 / 云栖祩宏 Yunqi Zhuhong (1535–1615), aka 蓮池祩宏 Lianchi Zhuhong

(Rōmaji:) Unsei Shukō, aka Renchi Shukō
(Magyar:) Jün-csi Csu-hung, Lien-cse Csu-hung

8th Patriarch of the Pure Land School, accomplished Chan Master

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Hong

莲池大师戒杀放生文图说（ 99 则）
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5d6fa5300102v28f.html

http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/mobile/index.php?index=J33nB277_025

Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli Era (Wanli si gaoseng 萬曆四高僧)

Hanshan Deqing 憨山德清 (1546–1623)
Daguan Zhenke 達觀真可 (1543–1603), aka 紫栢真可 Zibo Zhenke
Yunqi Zhuhong 雲棲株宏 (1535–1615), aka 蓮池祩宏 Lianchi Zhuhong
Ouyi Zhixu 蕅益智旭 (1599–1655)

Yunqi Zhuhong’s Dharma Lineage

[...]

菩提達磨 Bodhidharma, Putidamo (Bodaidaruma ?-532/5)
大祖慧可 Dazu Huike (Taiso Eka 487-593)
鑑智僧璨 Jianzhi Sengcan (Kanchi Sōsan ?-606)
大毉道信 Dayi Daoxin (Daii Dōshin 580-651)
大滿弘忍 Daman Hongren (Daiman Kōnin 601-674)
大鑑慧能 Dajian Huineng (Daikan Enō 638-713)
南嶽懷讓 Nanyue Huairang (Nangaku Ejō 677-744)
馬祖道一 Mazu Daoyi (Baso Dōitsu 709-788)
百丈懷海 Baizhang Huaihai (Hyakujō Ekai 750-814)
黃蘗希運 Huangbo Xiyun (Ōbaku Kiun ?-850)
臨濟義玄 Linji Yixuan (Rinzai Gigen ?-866)
興化存獎 Xinghua Cunjiang (Kōke Zonshō 830-888)
南院慧顒 Nanyuan Huiyong (Nan'in Egyō ?-952)
風穴延沼 Fengxue Yanzhao (Fuketsu Enshō 896-973)
首山省念 Shoushan Shengnian (Shuzan Shōnen 926-993)
汾陽善昭 Fenyang Shanzhao (Fun'yo Zenshō 947-1024)
石霜/慈明 楚圓 Shishuang/Ciming Chuyuan (Sekisō/Jimei Soen 986-1039)
楊岐方會 Yangqi Fanghui (Yōgi Hōe 992-1049)
白雲守端 Baiyun Shouduan (Hakuun Shutan 1025-1072)
五祖法演 Wuzu Fayan (Goso Hōen 1024-1104)
圜悟克勤 Yuanwu Keqin (Engo Kokugon 1063-1135)
虎丘紹隆 Huqiu Shaolong (Kukyū Jōryū 1077-1136)
應庵曇華 Yingan Tanhua (Ōan Donge 1103-1163)
密庵咸傑 Mian Xianjie (Mittan Kanketsu 1118-1186)
破庵祖先 Poan Zuxian (Hoan Sosen 1136–1211)
無準師範 Wuzhun Shifan (Bujun Shipan 1177–1249)
雪巖祖欽 Xueyan Zuqin (Seggan Sokin (1215–1287)
高峰原妙 Gaofeng Yuanmiao (Kōhō Gemmyō 1238-1295)
中峯明本 Zhongfeng Mingben (Chūhō Myōhon 1263–1323)
千巖元長 Qianyan Yuanzhang (Sengan Genchō 1284–1357)
萬峰時蔚 Wanfeng Shiwei (Manhō Jijō 1303–1381)
寶藏普持 Baozhang Puchi (Hōzō Fuji ?-?)
虗白慧旵 Xubai Huichan (Kihaku Egaku 1372–1441)
海舟普慈 Haizhou Puci (Kaishū Eiji 1355-1450)
寶峰明瑄 Baofeng Mingxuan (Hōbō Myōken ?-1472)
天奇本瑞 Tianqi Benrui (Tenki Honzui ?-1508)
無聞正聰 Wuwen Mingcong (Mubun Shōsō (?-1543)
月心德寶 Xiaoyan Debao (Getsushin Tokuhō 1512–1581)
雲棲袾宏 Yunqi Zhuhong (Unsei Shukō 1535–1615)

蓮池祩宏 Lianchi Zhuhong. 淨宗八祖 The 8th patriarch of the Pure Land School.
http://www.mdxv.idv.tw/ancestorlist.php?cid=157
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7a0389cb0102vl1s.html
http://www.sengfeng.com/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=8&CateID=409
http://www.amtb-huayan.org.my/about-huayan/ancestors/

Of the 13 patriarchs of the Pure Land School, there are seven who are accomplished Chan Masters. They are:
Cheng Yuan 承遠, 3rd Patriarch: Cheng-Yuan (712-802)
Yong Ming 永明, 6th Patriarch: Yan-Shou (904-975)
Lian Chi 蓮池, 8th Patriarch: Lian-Chi (1532-1612)
Ou Yi 藕益, 9th Patriarch: Zhi-Xu (1598-1655)
Xing Ce 行策, 10th Patriarch: Xing-Ce (1627-1682)
Sheng An 省庵, 11th Patriarch: Shi-Xian (1686-1734)
Che Wu 徹悟, 12th Patriarch: Ji-Xing (1741-1810)
http://www.chanpureland.org/qa/chan-patriarchs-teach-pure-land
http://www.thomehfang.com/kumarajiva/13Patriarchs/13Patriarchs_20Nov2003.htm Highlights of the 13 Pure Land Patriarchs

8th Patriarch: Lian-Chi (1532-1612, AD)

　Master Zhu Hong of the Clouds-Dwelling Temple, Hang-zhou, in the Ming Dynasty of 17th century China, was a native of Hang-zhou, Zhe-jiang Province; his personal name: Lian Chi (Lotus Pond), also known as Master Clouds-Dwelling. At the age of 17, he was passed as Xiu Cai (Elite Talent) in the Imperial State Service Examination, well known for his scholarship and virtuous deeds. After his ordainment as a monk, he applied himself to extensive studies of various Sūtras and doctrines. Fusing the Chan and Pure Land Sects into perfect congruence and harmony, he wrote A Commentary on The Amitabha Sūtra in light of the Chan Principles. He had implemented the details of obituary rituals and the method of incense-burning for ceremony of spiritual union (Yoga), so as to relieve the pain and suffering of the underworld. He was a prolific author, his publications including Collected Works of Master Clouds-Dwelling. He was ranked as one of the Four Eminent Monks of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Hong (Chinese: 祩宏; pinyin: Zhù Hóng; Wade–Giles: Chu Hung; 1535–1615) Chinese Buddhist leader and anti-Jesuit. He was known as the “Master of Yunqi”, after a monastery restored in his honor. He was born in Hangzhou into a family with the surname Shen. Zhu was an excellent student, although he never succeeded along the path of officialdom. His first connection to Buddhism was that of the Pure Land variety. After failure in the official examinations he became a monk at thirty-one despite the existence of his second wife, who later became a nun. Zhu Hong died at the age of eighty-one. Zhu Hong is best remembered for his persistent hostility to Roman Catholicism. Zhu's writings are a direct rebuttal to the Jesuit Matteo Ricci (利瑪竇).Traditional Buddhist monasticism had declined by Zhu Hong's age. The English translation of heshang (和尚) as “monk” by the late Ming is perhaps inappropriate. A better rendition might be “priest” as it is often used in Japan to describe those specialist practitioners of funeral rites and memorial services. Zhu Hong himself complained that “Monks are also geomancers, diviners, physiognomists, physicians, gynecologists, potion makers, spirit healers and alchemists. All of the above entail the extreme demise of Buddhism (Sanbi, p. 12b).” The Jesuit entry into sixteenth century China placed them in the middle of such conditions. For Zhu Hong and other Buddhists the Jesuits were an additional headache to a long list of serious problems. Zhu Hong's rebuttal of Catholicism was the first of a longer and ever-growing response.At the first stage of anti-Catholicism the Buddhists had a weak grasp of the religion. Zhu's Tianshuo (天说, Explanation of Heaven) appeared in his Sanbi collection in 1615. Matteo Ricci's monumental theological work Tienzhu shiyi (天主實義)　had already appeared in 1596. Zhu Hongs polemic coincided with the political appointment of Shen Que (沈隺, d. 1624) as vice minister of rites in Nanking (Nanjing) and his initiation of an anti-Catholic campaign from official circles in 1616. Zhu Hongs collected essays, the Zhuzhuang suibi was written and published in three sections, the Chubi (初笔), Erbi (二笔) and the Sanbi (三笔), modeled after the classic Song period collection Rongzhai suibi. Zhu Hong's first collection was published in 1600 at age 70, the second and third at age 81 in 1615.
http://dbpedia.org/page/Zhu_Hong

莲池大师放生图说云栖袾宏（1535-1615），
俗姓沈，名袾宏，字佛慧， 别号莲池，因久居杭州云栖寺，又称云栖大师 。

竹窗隨筆 Zhuchuang suibi; ~ erbi 二筆; ~ sanbi 三筆 [Jottings under a Bamboo Window]

諸經日誦 Zhujing risong [Various Sutras for Daily Recitation]

禪關策進 Changuan cejin [Progress in the Path of Chan / Chan Whip]

PDF: The Chan whip anthology : a companion to Zen practice > PDF
Translated by Jeffrey L. Broughton with Elise Yoko Watanabe
New York : Oxford University Press, 2014.

Anthology of extracts from Chan records dating from the late Tang dynasty to the Ming dynasty; also includes extracts from sutras and treatises; many with 雲棲袾宏 Yunqi Zhuhong's (1535-1615) appended comments.

"The Chan Whip (C. Changuan cejin, K. Songwan chaekchin, J. Zenkan sakushin, magyar: Csan ösztöke) is a work that played a major role in the revival of gongan (K. kongan, J. koan) practice that swept the Chan, Son, and Zen schools of Buddhism in East Asia in the seventeenth century, and its influence continues to be felt down to the present. Jeffrey Broughton provides a clear and consistent translation of this inspiring but difficult work, together with a critical apparatus that is well-designed to make it as accessible as possible to a Western audience. Scholars and practitioners alike can benefit greatly from his philological expertise and sensitive interpretations of the material." - T. Griffith Foulk, Professor of Religion, Sarah Lawrence College

Summary

"Jeffrey L. Broughton offers an annotated translation of the Whip for Spurring Students Onward Through the Chan Barrier Checkpoints, which he abbreviates to Chan Whip. This anthology is a classic of Chan (Zen) Buddhism that has served as a Chan handbook in both China and Japan since its publication in 1600. It is a compendium of extracts, over eighty percent of which are drawn from an enormous Chan corpus dating from the late 800s to about 1600-a survey that covers most of the history of Chan literature. The rest of the text consists of complementary extracts from Buddhist sutras and treatises. The extracts, many of which are accompanied by Chan master Dahui Zhuhong's commentary, deliberately eschew abstract discussions of theory in favor of sermons, exhortations, sayings, autobiographical narratives, letters, and anecdotal sketches dealing frankly and compassionately with the concrete experiences of lived practice. While there are a number of publications in English on Zen practice, none contain the vivid descriptions found within the Chan Whip. This translation thus fills a large gap in the English -language literature on Chan, and by including the original Chinese text as well Broughton has produced an invaluable tool for scholars and practitioners alike."

Contents

-- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Whip for Spurring Students Onward Through the Chan Barrier Checkpoints -- Preface to Whip for Spurring Students Onward Through the Chan Barrier Checkpoints -- Front Collection: The First Gate -- Front Collection: The Second Gate -- Back Collection: Single Gate -- Chinese Text of Changuan cejin -- Bibliography.

 

PDF: Meditating with koans
[禪關策進 Chan guan ce jin by Yunqi Zhuhong, 1535-1615]
[translated by] J. C. Cleary
Berkeley, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press, 1992.

Ch'an-kuan Ts'e-chin (J. Zenkan Sakushin) To Encourage Zealous Study of the Zen Barriers, a compilation put together by the Chinese Buddhist monk Yun-chi Chu-hung (1535–1615; J. Renchi Shukô), during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Chu-hung collected sermons and talks from Zen monks, stories about enlightenment experiences, and quotations from various sutras. He intended the work to encourage the practice of Zen meditation, especially the use of kôan; the “barriers” referred to in the title are kôan. Chu-hung not only promoted the practice of Zen Buddhism in the text, but also encouraged the combined practice of Zen meditation and Pure Land devotion. The text was first published in China in 1600. It prompted the Japanese Rinzai master Hakuin Ekaku (1685–1768) to become a Zen monk. The text was published in Japan in 1762 by Tôrei Enji (1721–1792), Hakuin's disciple, who added an epilogue. - Helen J. Baroni: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism

PDF: The renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-hung and the late Ming synthesis
by Yü, Chün-fang (Yú Jūnfāng 于君方 1938-)
Columbia Univesity Press, 1981

Yün-ch'i Chu-hung: The Career of a Ming Buddhist Monk
by Chün-fang Yü
Thesis (Ph.D.)
Columbia University, 1973

 

PDF: Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-Century China
by Jiang Wu
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008

PDF: Do Not Say That You Have Forgotten King and Father: Yunqi Zhuhong's Chan Realism
by Matthew Wilhite
Frontiers in History of China 8/3 (2013): 389-405.

The dharma of obedience: Yunqi Zhuhong's realist interpretation of the Brahma Net Sutra
by Matthew Jonathon Wilhite
https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5853&context=etd
http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1801/

遗西湖人物图之莲池大师

Pure Land, pure mind : the Buddhism of masters Chu-hung and Tsung-pen
Translated by J. C. Cleary
New York : Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada, 1994.
https://archive.org/stream/PureLandPureMind/PureLandPureMind_djvu.txt

This volume consists of excerpts from two Chinese Buddhist commentaries: The Collected Works of Master Yun-ch 'i Chu-hung (Jpn. Unsei Shuko) and Direct Pointing Back to the Source by Master I-yuan Tsung-pen. These texts, well-known in East Asia, appear here in English translation for the first time.

Master Chu-hung (1535-1615), also known as Yun-ch'i or Lien-ch'ih, was (along with Han-shan Te-ch'ing and Tzu-po Chen-k'o) one of the three "dragon-elephants" or most illustrious monks of the Ming period. Together, they were responsible for the revival of Buddhism in sixteenth century China, a revival which still influences Buddhism today. Trained as a monk in both the Zen and Pure Land traditions, Master Chu-hung emphasized strict observance of monastic discipline, active participation of laymen in Buddhist life and the dual practice of Zen and Pure Land.

Master Tsung-pen, also known as I-yuan, was a sixteenth century Chinese Zen Master who lectured widely on the Buddhist Canon. Recognition was, in time, granted by the Emperor, who conferred upon him the title Master of Merit and Virtue. Elder Master Tsung-pen wrote the commentary excerpted in this volume while serving as abbot of the temple appropriately known as Pure-Land Zen Monastery.

辯學遺牘 Bianxue yidu
by Li Madou 利瑪竇 (Matteo Ricci, 1552-1610)
Jesuit Archives (ARSI) JapSin I, 50
https://web.archive.org/web/20150823031815/http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/bibliography/view.aspx?bibliographyID=1818

Attributed to Matteo Ricci, the Bianxue yidu 辯學遺牘 (ca. 1623) is an apologetic work that explains and defends Christian doctrine against the criticisms and misunderstandings of the Buddhists whom Ricci encountered and debated, specifically the lay Buddhist Yu Chunxi 虞淳熙 (jinshi 1583, died 1621) and the monk Zhuhong 祩宏 (1535-1615). Cf. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China , p. 617.

Part 2
The second part of the book is a refutation by Ricci of the statements the Buddhist monk Zhuhong 祩宏 made in his four Tianshuo (On Heaven) essays 天說四端.

The monk Lianchi 蓮池和尚 (1535–1615) was a native of Renhe 仁和 (Hangzhou, Zhejiang). His family name was Shen 沈. He was a Confucian scholar before he became a monk. His religious name was Fohui 佛慧, but he was better known as Zhuhong 祩宏. For thirty-two years he was abbot of the monastery of Yunqi 雲棲 and he was considered one of the most distinguished Buddhist monks of the late Ming dynasty. He and Yu Chunxi were looked upon as leaders of Buddhism in southeast China. Among his writings are the Yunqi fahui 雲棲法彙 and the Zhuchuang suibi 竹窗隨筆 and its sequels Erbi 二筆 and Sanbi 三筆. The last-mentioned book contains the four Tianshuo essays, in which he criticizes Ricci, saying: Though he worships the Lord of Heaven, in reality he has no conception of Heaven. . . . According to him the Lord of Heaven is a being without form, without color or sound. One can then only conclude that Heaven is nothing more than [pure] reason. But how can [pure reason] rule its subjects, or promulgate laws, or reward and punish? He [Ricci] may be an intelligent person, but he has never learned the scriptures of Buddhists; what could be expected but that his doctrine would be wrong. The main point of Ricci's refutation of the criticism of Zhuhong lies in the argument that the Buddhists regard Buddha as the supreme lord. Therefore he is above the Lord of Heaven, which is simply absurd. This is an unforgivable error. For this reason he wrote: Hence I am most willing to carry out a debate . . . , otherwise what is evident will remain obscure. . . . But there should be order in a debate, the debaters must be governed by reason. No one should bring up wrong traditions in his arguments; that would be to believe in hearsay rather than to follow reason, and that seems childish and would be to no point. It is clear that Ricci was aiming at the unfounded doctrine of Zhuhong about Heaven. In the remaining chapters Ricci tried to refute the errors of Buddhism on reincarnation, on sacrifice and on the prohibition of killing animals. His arguments are based on reason and combined with great eloquence. There is a postscript at the end of the book by Liang'an jushi 涼庵居士: Lianchi (Zhuhong) changed from a Confucianist to a Buddhist, and Deyuan (Yu Chunxi) was a profound scholar on the writings of Buddhism. Both were leaders of Buddhist followers in southeast China. Their belief was very different from the teachings of Mr. Li (Ricci). Reading now these letters in which they carried out their discussions, it gives the impression that they respected one another highly. Each tries to expound his learning with sincerity in the hope that the truth may appear. Unfortunately they never came to a conclusion. How regrettable that within a short period they all passed away. Had they had the opportunity to come together to discuss their knowledge freely and to propose their difficulties as open-minded philosophers, they would certainly have exhausted the subject without reservation of their talent. This might have brought to light hidden points and subtle ideas which undoubtedly would be of great enlightment to the ignorant. How lamentable that this never came to pass.
I received this manuscript accidentally from a friend of mine, and once more my old sentiments revived. I therefore decided to have the manuscript published in the hope that the memories of these venerable persons will not diminish throughout the years. However, I must confess that I am not the person to decide upon the quality and the orthodoxy of their learning.
(Signed by Liang'an jushi) This Liang'an jushi is Li Zhizao 李之藻 himself, the man so tenderly referred to in the writings of the early missioners as “Doctor Leo.” The postscript mentions that the three authors of this book had all passed away. Now, Ricci died in 1610 (Wanli 38), Zhuhong in 1615 (Wanli 43) and Yu Chunxi in 1621 (Tianqi 1). Hence the title of this book speaks of yidu (memorial letters).

This book is included in the Tianxue chuhan 天學初函, which was published by Li Zhizao in 1629 (Chongzhen 2).[or 1626, Cf. Handbook] There is a reprint made from wooden blocks by the Lazarists in Beijing (Catal. 1924, no. 88). The text was also reprinted in moveable-type characters in 1915 by the Ta-kung Pao [Dagong Bao 大公報] periodical (Tianjin). Four years later, in 1919, Ying Lianzhi 英斂之 had it published in Beijing with prefaces by Chen Yuan 陳垣 and Ma Liang 馬良 (Ma Xiangbo 馬相伯). According to the preface of Chen Yuan, the letters in this book were not written by Ricci himself, but by his followers after his death. Li Zhizao's postscript, however, makes us think that Ricci was the author. Perhaps the drafts were done by one of Ricci's friends; or the ideas may have come from Ricci and been put into writing by a Chinese scholar.
Cf. Pfister, p. 36; Hsü 1949, pp. 119–120; SKTY 3:2628; FR 2:306 n. 1; DMB 1:322–324 (Chu-hung).