一山一寧 Yishan Yining (1247-1317)

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(Rōmaji:) Issan Ichinei

This outstanding chinzō, probably carved
shortly after Yishan Yining's death, presents
one of the most important Chinese
masters of meditation. A major participant
in the introduction of Zen to Japan, he
helped the new school to gain its cultural,
literary,a nd artistic influence. At Nanzen'in,
where the portrait statue is revered to this
day, Yishan Yining found his last resting
place. The Emperor Kameyama (1249-
1305, reigned 1259-1274), responsible for
the founding of Nanzenji, is also buried
there. Although Yishan Yining was seventy
years old and seriously ill in the tenth
month of 1317, he led a procession as
head, hitsu, to Nazen'in with the ex-
Emperor Go Uda (1267-1324), a fervent
admirer of the Chinese prelate. Shortly
afterwards Yishan Yining died, after the
monarch had visited him on his death bed
on the 24th day of the same month, and
after he had written his "departing verse",
yuige.
The sculpture, originally painted, is made
of Japanese cypress wood, hinoki.
Several blocks of the wood are joined
together in the yosegi technique. The
statue is hollow inside. The eyes, made of
rock-crystal, are inlaid from inside the
head, gyokugan kannyu. From 1306,
Yishan Yining suffered from an eye ailment,
and one cannot help feeling that
this is expressed in the serious, melancholy
look of the master, who was never
quite happy in Japan. The abbot is seated
with crossed legs in meditational posture.
His plain monk's robe and the kesa, hung
over his left shoulder with an intricately
knotted ribbon tied to a decorated ring,
fall over his knees in deep, vertical folds.
In his right hand, he holds an admonition
staff, kydsaku or keisaku, with which he
would administer his disciples well-meant
blows to make them overcome their
fatigue and further the process of enlightenment.
Yishan Yining came from a family surnamed
Hu in Taizhou in the old province
of Linhai (present-day Zhejiang). He entered
a monastery as a boy and studied
various Buddhist doctrines before he decided
to devote his life to Chan. Beginning
in 1283, Yishan Yining studied especially
under Yuxi Ruzhi, who, in 1294 proposed
him as his successor at Guanyinsi on Mt.
Putuoluo. Later, he spent time at the great
Chan centres of Mingzhou on Mt. Ayuwang
and Mt. Tiantong. Yishan Yining enjoyed
the patronage and confidence of the liberal
Mongol ruler Chengzong (reigned
1295-1308), who put him in charge of
Buddhist affairs in Zhejiang. Chengzong
presented Yishan Yining with a precious
brocaded robe and bestowed on him the
title "Great Master of the Wondrous Compassion
and Magnificent Crossing", Miaoci
hongji dashi.
In 1299, the successor of Khubilai Khan
on the throne sent the diplomatically gifted
Chan master to Japan together with Xijian
Zitan (1249-1306) in order to renew old
contacts; for eighteen years, since the
second, aborted Mongolian invasion
attempt, formal relationships between the
mainland regime and Japan had been
severed. After landing in Hakata, the
monks were at first arrested on suspicion
of espionage and kept confined at
Shuzenji on the peninsula of Izu. However,
they were soon released and rehabilitated.
Hōjō Sadatoki (1271 -1311), the regent of
the military government in Kamakura,
appointed them as abbots at two of the
most important Zen monasteries in Japan:
Yishan Yining was inaugurated as tenth
abbot of Kenchbji, and Xijian Zitan as sixth
head of Engakuji. When the ex-Emperor
Go Uda heard of the -extensive learning of
Yishan - among other things he introduced
the Japanese to the neo-Confucian
thought of Zhu Xi (1130-1200) - he invited
him to Kyoto in 1313 and made him the
abbot of Nanzenji.
Yishan's exacting teachings, intellectual
capacity, and especially his literary erudition
and talent were greatly appreciated
not only by the Zen clergy, but also by the
Imperial court and the aristocracy. He is
considered the father of gozan bungaku,
"Literature of the Five Mountains". The day
after Yishan Yining's death, ex-Emperor
Go Uda bestowed upon him the title of a
"National Master", kokushi.

Zen - masters of meditation in images and writings
by Helmut Brinker [1939–2012]; Hiroshi Kanazawa [金沢比呂司 1937-]
Museum Rietberg; Artibus Asiae, Zürich, 1996, p. 240.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yishan_Yining

Yishan Yining. (J. Issan Ichinei; K. Ilsan Illyŏng 一山一寧) (1247–1317). Chinese
CHAN master in the LINJI ZONG; a native of Taizhou prefecture in present-day
Zhejiang province. At a young age, Yishan became a student of a certain
Wudeng Rong (d.u.) at the monastery of Hongfusi on Mt. Fu near his hometown
in Taizhou. He was later ordained at the monastery of Puguangsi in Siming in
Zhejiang province and continued to study VINAYA at Yingzhensi and TIANTAI
thought and practice at Yanqingsi. Yishan then began his training in Chan under
several teachers. He eventually became a disciple of Wanji Xingmi (d.u.), a
disciple of the Chan master CAOYUAN DAOSHENG. In 1299, the Yuan
emperor Chengzong (r. 1294–1307) bestowed upon him the title Great Master
Miaoci Hongji (Subtle Compassion, Universal Salvation) and an official post as
the overseer of Buddhist matters in Zhejiang. That same y ear, he was sent to
Japan as an envoy of the court, but was detained temporarily at the temple of
Shūzenji in Izu by the Kamakura shogunate. When the Hōjō rulers learned of
Yishan’s renown in China, Yishan was invited to reside as abbot of the powerful
monasteries of KENCHŌJI, ENGAKUJI, and Jōchiji in Kamakura. In 1313,
Yishan was invited by the retired Emperor Gouda (r. 1274–1287) to reside as the
third abbot of the monastery NANZENJI in Ky ōto. Yishan had many students in
Japan including the eminent Japanese monk MUSŌ SOSEKI. Yishan became ill
and passed away in the abbot’s quarters (J. hōjō; C. FANGZHANG) of Nanzenji
in 1317. The emperor bestowed upon him the title state preceptor (J. kokushi; C.
GUOSHI) Issan (One Mountain). Yishan is also remembered for his calligraphy
and for introducing to Japan the new commentaries written by the great Neo-
Confucian scholar Zhu Xi (1130–1200) to Japan. He and his disciples, such as
Shiliang Rengong (1266–1334), Mujaku Ry ōen (d.u.), Monkei Ryōsō (d. 1372),
and Tōrin Yūkyū (d. 1369), contributed much to the development of GOZAN
culture in Japan.
(The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, 2014)

Yishan Yining's Dharma Lineage
[...]

菩提達磨 Bodhidharma, Putidamo (Bodaidaruma ?-532/5)
大祖慧可 Dazu Huike (Taiso Eka 487-593)
鑑智僧璨 Jianzhi Sengcan (Kanchi Sōsan ?-606)
大毉道信 Dayi Daoxin (Daii Dōshin 580-651)
大滿弘忍 Daman Hongren (Daiman Kōnin 601-674)
大鑑慧能 Dajian Huineng (Daikan Enō 638-713)
南嶽懷讓 Nanyue Huairang (Nangaku Ejō 677-744)
馬祖道一 Mazu Daoyi (Baso Dōitsu 709-788)
百丈懷海 Baizhang Huaihai (Hyakujō Ekai 750-814)
黃蘗希運 Huangbo Xiyun (Ōbaku Kiun ?-850)
臨濟義玄 Linji Yixuan (Rinzai Gigen ?-866)
興化存獎 Xinghua Cunjiang (Kōke Zonshō 830-888)
南院慧顒 Nanyuan Huiyong (Nan'in Egyō ?-952)
風穴延沼 Fengxue Yanzhao (Fuketsu Enshō 896-973)
首山省念 Shoushan Shengnian (Shuzan Shōnen 926-993)
汾陽善昭 Fenyang Shanzhao (Fun'yo Zenshō 947-1024)
石霜/慈明楚圓 Shishuang/Ciming Chuyuan (Sekisō/Jimei Soen 986-1039)
楊岐方會 Yangqi Fanghui (Yōgi Hōe 992-1049)
白雲守端 Baiyun Shouduan (Hakuun Shutan 1025-1072)
五祖法演 Wuzu Fayan (Goso Hōen 1024-1104)
圜悟克勤 Yuanwu Keqin (Engo Kokugon 1063-1135)
虎丘紹隆 Huqiu Shaolong (Kukyū Jōryū 1077-1136)
應庵曇華 Yingan Tanhua (Ōan Donge 1103-1163)
密庵咸傑 Mian Xianjie (Mittan Kanketsu 1118-1186)
破庵祖先 Poan Zuxian (Hoan Sosen 1136–1211)
無準師範 Wuzhun Shifan (Bujun Shipan 1177–1249)
頑極行彌 Wanji Singmi (Gankyoku Gyōmi)
一山一寧 Yishan Yining (1247-1317 Issan Ichinei)
雪村友梅 Sesson Yūbai (1290-1347)