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一行 Yixing (673–727)

aka 僧 一行 Seng Yixing, born 張遂 Zhang Sui
(Rōmaji:) Ichigyō
(English:) Monk “Single Practice”

Portrait of Yixing, Japan, 14th century, National Museum, Tokyo

Yixing. (J. Ichigyō; K. Irhaeng 一行) (683–727). In Chinese, “Single Practice”; a

famous student of CHAN and master of esoteric Buddhism (MIJIAO), translator,

and distinguished astronomer. Yixing was a native of Julu prefecture in present-

day Hebei province. He became a monk under the eminent Chan master PUJI

(651–739) in the Northern school (BEI ZONG) of the early Chan tradition and

also studied the VINAYA under a monk by the name of Huizhen (d.u.). Having

made a name for him self at the monastery of Guoqingsi on Mt. Tiantai, in 717,

Yixing was invited by Emperor Xuanzong (r. 712–756) to the palace in Luoyang.

While residing at the palace, Yixing became a disciple of the

Tripiṭaka Śubhakarasiṃha 善無畏 (637–735)

and, together, they translated the Mahāvairocana-sūtra 大日經 (T 848). Based on

Śubhakarasiṃha’s oral interpretations provided in the course of preparing their translation,

Yixing also composed an im portant com m entary on the sūtra, the Darijing shu. In 727,

Yixing’s reputation in astronom y and calendrics prom pted the em peror to have

him devise a new calendar, which is known as the Day an li. Yixing also devised

an elaborate celestial globe, which used hy draulic power to portray the precise

m ovem ents of the sun, m oon, and constellations across the firm am ent. After his

death, he was bestowed the posthum ous title Chan m aster Dahui (Great Wisdom).

(The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_Xing

PDF: Astronomy and Mathematics of Yixing
by Yukio ÔHASHI ( 大橋由紀夫 )
Mapping the Oriental Sky. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Oriental Astronomy. Tokyo, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. 2011. Pp. 171-178.
http://optik2.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~somamt/ICOA-website/Proceedings/PDF/171-178(Ohashi_Xiying).pdf

The Birth of a Polymath: The Genealogical Background of the Tang Monk-Scientist Yixing (673-727)
by Jinhua Chen
T'ang Studies 18/19, University of Colorado, Boulder, 2000-2001, pp. 1-39.
http://www.academia.edu/8930225/Yixings_genealogy

PDF: Yixing一行 (673/683–727)
Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II., 2019
by Jeffrey Kotyk

Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk
by Jeffrey Kotyk
Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies 31 (2018): 1–37.
https://www.academia.edu/37140929/Yixing_and_Pseudo-Yixing_a_Misunderstood_Astronomer-Monk

The present study argues that we must differentiate between the historical Yixing (673–727), an eminent Chinese monk, and the later legend that developed: a pseudo-Yixing, to whom various texts incorporating elements of astral magic and astrology were attributed. Scholars have not adequately differentiated between the historical Yixing and the later fictionalized figure, resulting in misunderstandings about the evolution of Buddhist astrology in China, and more specifically Yixing's role within it, in addition to the chronology of Buddho-Daoist interactions. This corrective study examines some Buddhist texts attributed to Yixing and proves that they are all products of the ninth-century.